Changes in the potential distribution of the guava fruit fly Anastrepha striata (Diptera, Tephritidae) under current and possible future climate scenarios in Colombia.

Climate change has affected the geographical distributions of most species worldwide; in particular, insects of economic importance inhabiting tropical regions have been impacted. Current and future predictions of change in geographic distribution are frequently included in species distribution models (SDMs). The potential spatial distributions of the fruit fly Anastrepha striata Schiner, the main species of agricultural importance in guava crops, under current and possible future scenarios in Colombia were modeled, and the establishment risk was assessed for each guava-producing municipality in the country. SDMs were developed using 221 geographical records in conjunction with nine scenopoetic variables. The model for current climate conditions indicated an extensive suitable area for the establishment of A. striata in the Andean region, smaller areas in the Caribbean and Pacific, and almost no areas in the Orinoquia and Amazonian regions. A brief discussion regarding the area's suitability for the fly is offered. According to the results, altitude is one of the main factors that direct the distribution of A. striata in the tropics. The Colombian guava-producing municipalities were classified according to the degree of vulnerability to fly establishment as follows: 42 were high risk, 16 were intermediate risk, and 17 were low risk. The implementation of future integrated management plans must include optimal spatial data and must consider environmental aspects, such as those suggested by the models presented here. Control decisions should aim to mitigate the positive relationship between global warming and the increase in the dispersal area of the fruit fly.

[Pulmonary silicoproteinosis. A case of prolonged survival]. / Silicoproteinosis pulmonar. Un caso con supervivencia prolongada

Alveolar silicoproteinosis is a very rare form of silicosis that can develop after a latency period of between a few months and 5 years after the first exposure to silica, and courses invariably, with rapid deterioration of lung function, without an effective response to treatment. Because of its rarity and its unique outcome, the case is presented of a 55 year old woman, diagnosed with alveolar silicoproteinosis in our hospital, who improved by removing the occupational exposure to silica dust and remains stable with no radiological or lung function worsening four years after diagnosis of the disease. To our knowledge, this is the first case of alveolar silicoproteinosis that had a good outcome.

Vigilancia epidemiológica de infecciones nosocomiales de 164 pacientes sometidos a trasplante de órgano o tejidos / No disponible

El objetivo de este estudio es determinar la incidencia de infecciones nosocomiales, tasas de mortalidad y otros datos qu ese relacionana con la calidad asitencial de estos pacientes. Se realiza un estudio prospectivo de 164 pacientes que durante los años 2007 a 2010 ingresan en la Unidad de Trasplantes de Órganos y Tejidos de este hospital. 125 ingresos se efectuaron para trasplantes de órganos o tejidos y 29 por revisión programaa o por complicación del proceso. De los 125 pacientes que ingresan para trasplante, 54 (43,20%) lo hacen para trasplante de hígado, 36 (28,80%=) para trasplante de médula ósea, 21 (24,80%) para trasplante de riñón y 4 (3,20%) para transplante de corazón. De los 164 ingresos registrados en la Unidad, en 60 se observa infección nosocomial (IN), la Incidencia Acumulada (IA) d epacientes con IN es el 36,59% +/- 7,37 (IC 95%) La In más frecuente es sepsis/bacteriemia, que representa el 44,7% de los casos de INs. La tasa media de IQ es de 14,40%. Los microorganismos que con más frecuencia originan los episodios de IN son estafílococos en el 52,8% de los casos, principalmente e. epidermidis (16,7%) y e. haemolíticus (16,7%). Respecto a la microbiología la casuística es semejante a la que se observa en el conjunto de pacientes hospitalizados. La mayor prevalencia es de estafilococos plasmacoagulasa negativos (ECN), gurpo al que pertenece el estafilococo haemolíticus, que es carecterístico en estos pacientes. La estancia prequirúrgica y la edad d elos pacientes no influyen en las tasas de IQs, pero sí influye el grado de contaminación de la cirugía y la duración de la intervención, factores de riesgo integrantes del índice NNIS. Las infecciones de vías respiratorias bajas solo representan el 3,0% de las INs. La tasa de mortalidad es de 3,9% (AU)

No disponible

Sleep disturbances after acute exposure to alcohol in mothers' milk.

The results of previous research in our laboratory revealed that breast-fed infants experience significantly less active sleep after exposure to alcohol in their mothers' milk than do breast-fed infants not exposed to alcohol. The present study tested the hypothesis that infants would compensate for such reductions if their mothers then refrained from drinking alcohol. To this end, 23 breast-fed infants from 3 to 5 months of age and their mothers were tested on 2 days separated by 1 week. A small, computerized movement detector, an actigraph, was placed on the infants' left ankles to monitor sleep and activity patterning after which they were bottle fed mother's milk alone (control condition) on 1 test day and mother's milk containing 32 mg of ethanol per 100 ml--the average concentration detected in human milk after lactating women drank an acute dose (0.3 g/kg) of alcohol--on the other. The infants' behaviors were monitored for the next 24 h; the first 3.5 h of monitoring on each test day took place at the Monell Center. Consistent with previous findings, infants exhibited significantly less active sleep during the 3.5 h immediately after exposure to alcohol in mothers' milk compared with the control condition; the decrease in active sleep was observed in all but 4 of the infants tested. Compensatory increases in active sleep were then observed in the next 20.5 h, when mothers refrained from drinking alcohol. Although the mechanisms underlying the reduction in sleep remain to be elucidated, these findings demonstrate that short-term exposure to small amounts of alcohol in mothers' milk produces distinctive changes in the infants' sleep-wake patterning.

Effect of glipentide on galactose absorption and disaccharidase activity in rat small intestine.

The effect of hypoglycemic sulfonylurea glipentide on galactose transport and disaccharidase activity has been studied in rat small intestine. When 2 x 10(-4) M glipentide is present in the mucosal bathing solution, galactose active transport is inhibited 30% both in vivo and in vitro. Treatment of rats with 5 mg/kg glipentide p.o. for 10 days does not modify galactose absorption of disaccharidase activity. Incubation of the enzymes with glipentide shows no direct effect of the drug on its hydrolytic activity. The effects of glipentide on sugar transport are slight, or non significant in maintaining low blood sugar levels.